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Chapter 11: Checks & Balances

Independent oversight bodies and accountability mechanisms.

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Article 82: Constitution of the Constitutional Council

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

(1) There shall be a Constitutional Council (in this Chapter referred to as the “Council”) which shall consist of the following members:–

(a) the Prime Minister;

(b) the Speaker;

(c) the Leader of the Opposition in Parliament;

(d) one Member of Parliament appointed by the President;

(e) five persons appointed by the President, upon being nominated as follows:-

(i) one Member of Parliament nominated by agreement of the majority of the Members of Parliament representing the Government;

(ii) one Member of Parliament nominated by agreement of the majority of the Members of Parliament of the political party or independent group to which the Leader of the Opposition belongs; and (iii) three persons nominated by the Speaker by agreement of the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition; and

(f) one Member of Parliament nominated by agreement of the Members of Parliament other than those representing the Government and those belonging to the political party or independent group to which the Leader of the Opposition belongs, and appointed by the President.

(2) The Speaker shall be the Chairman of the Council.

(3) It shall be the duty of the Speaker to ensure that nominations for appointments under sub-paragraph (e) or sub-paragraph (f) of paragraph (1) are made, whenever an occasion for such nominations arises.

(4) in nominating the five persons referred to in sub-paragraph (e) of paragraph (1), the Prime Minister, the Speaker and the Leader of the Opposition or the Members of Parliament, as the case may be, shall ensure that the Council reflects the pluralistic character of Sri Lankan society, including professional and social diversity.

(5) The persons who are not Members of Parliament to be appointed under sub-paragraph (e) of paragraph (1) shall be persons of eminence and integrity who have distinguished themselves in public or professional life and who are not members of any political party whose nomination shall be approved by Parliament.

(6) The President shall, within fourteen days of the receipt of a written communication specifying the nominations made under sub-paragraphs (e) and (f) of paragraph (1), make the necessary appointments.

(7) (a) On the dissolution of Parliament, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 64, the Speaker shall continue to hold office as a member of the Council, until a Member of Parliament is elected to be the Speaker under paragraph (1) of the aforesaid Article.

(b) Notwithstanding the dissolution of Parliament, the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition and the Members of Parliament who are members of the Council, shall continue to hold office as members of such Council, until such time after a General Election following such dissolution, a Member of Parliament is appointed as the Prime Minister or recognized as the Leader of the Opposition or such number of Members of Parliament are appointed as Members of the Council under sub-paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of paragraph (1), as the case may be.

(8) (a) The member of the Council appointed under sub-paragraph (d) of Paragraph (1), shall hold office for a period of three years from the date of appointment unless the member earlier resigns his office by writing addressed to the President or is removed from office by the President.

(b) Every member of the Council appointed under sub-paragraphs (e) and (f) of paragraph (1) shall hold office for a period of three years from the date of appointment unless the member earlier resigns his office by writing addressed to the President or is removed from office by the President on a resolution passed by the majority of the Members of Parliament (including those not present) voting in its favour on the grounds of physical or mental incapacity and is unable to function further in office or is convicted by a court of law for any offence involving moral turpitude or if a resolution for the imposition of civic disability upon him has been passed in terms of Article 81 of the Constitution or is deemed to have vacated his office under paragraph (7) of Article 41E.

(9) In the event of there being a vacancy among the members appointed under sub-paragraphs (d), (e) or (f) of paragraph (1), the President shall, within fourteen days of the occurrence of such vacancy and having regard to the provisions of the aforementioned sub-paragraphs, appoint another person to succeed such member. Any person so appointed, shall hold office during the unexpired part of the period of office of the member whom he succeeds.

(10) A member appointed under sub-paragraph (d), (e) or (f) of paragraph (1), shall not be eligible for re-appointment.

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82.1

There shall be a Constitutional Council of the Republic of Sri Lanka, which shall be established within one month of the commencement of this Chapter

82.2

The Constitutional Council shall consist of the following ten members:

  1. The Prime Minister;

  2. The Speaker of Parliament;

  3. The Leader of the Opposition in Parliament;

  4. One Member of Parliament appointed by the President;

  5. Five persons of eminence and integrity who have distinguished themselves in public or professional life, appointed by the President on the nomination jointly agreed upon by the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition; and

  6. One person of eminence and integrity appointed by the President, on the nomination of agreement of the majority of the Members of Parliament belonging to political parties or independent groups other than those to which the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition not belong.

82.3

No person who is a Member of Parliament, other than those specified in paragraphs (2)(a), (b), (c), and (d), shall be a member of the Constitutional Council.

82.4

The Speaker shall be the Chairman of the Constitutional Council.

Article 83: Functions of the Constitutional Council

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

(1) No person shall be appointed by the President to any of the Offices specified in the Schedule to this Article, unless such appointment has been approved by the Council upon a recommendation made to the Council by the President.

(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall apply in respect of any person appointed to act for a period exceeding fourteen days, in any Office specified in the Schedule to this Article: Provided that no person shall be appointed to act in any such office for successive periods not exceeding fourteen days, unless such acting appointment has been approved by the Council on a recommendation by the President.

(3) No person appointed to any Office specified in the Schedule to this Article or to act in any such Office, shall be removed from such Office except as provided for in the Constitution or in any law.

(4) In the discharge of its function relating to the appointment of Judges of the Supreme Court and the President and Judges of the Court of Appeal, the Council shall obtain the views of the Chief Justice. SCHEDULE PART I

(a) The Chief Justice and the Judges of the Supreme Court.

(b) The President and the Judges of the Court of Appeal.

(c) The Members of the Judicial Service Commission, other than the Chairman.

PART II

(a) The Attorney-General.

(b) The Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

(c) The Auditor-General.

(d) The Inspector-General of Police.

(e) The Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration (Ombudsman)

(f) The Secretary-General of Parliament

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83.1

The Constitutional Council shall have the power to recommend or approve the appointment of persons to the offices specified in the Schedule to this Chapter.

(a) The Chairmen and members of all Independent Commissions established by the Constitution or by law;

(b) The Auditor-General;

(c) The Secretary-General of Parliament;

(d) The Ombudsman;

(e) The judges of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal.

(f) The Attorney-General.

(g) The Inspector-General of Police.

83.2

No person shall be appointed to any office specified in the Schedule by the President or any other authority unless such appointment has been approved by the Constitutional Council.

83.3

The Constitutional Council shall ensure that all appointments are made on the basis of merit, integrity, and independence, and without regard to political affiliation.

Article 85: Independent Commissions

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

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In addition to the Commissions specified in21st Amendment(1978 Constitution), the following new Independent Commissions are hereby established:

(a) The National Judicial Council;

(b) The National Equality Commission;

(c) The National Commission for Women and Children;

(d) The National Land Commission; and

(e) The National Council of Provincial Governments.

Article 86: The National Judicial Council

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

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The National Judicial Council shall be responsible for matters relating to the appointment, promotion, transfer, disciplinary control, and dismissal of judicial officers below the rank of Judge of the Court of Appeal, and for making recommendations on the improvement of the administration of justice.

The Council shall consist of:

(a) The Chief Justice (Chairperson);

(b) The President of the Court of Appeal;

(c) The Attorney-General;

(d) The Chairman of the Judicial Service Commission;

(e) One Judge of the Supreme Court elected by the Judges of the Supreme Court; and

(f) Two senior legal practitioners of at least twenty years' standing, appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Constitutional Council.

Article 87: The National Equality Commission

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

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The National Equality Commission shall be responsible for promoting respect for, and the realisation of, the constitutional rights of equality and non-discrimination.

The Commission shall have the power to—

(a) investigate and resolve complaints regarding discrimination on any ground, including race, religion, language, caste, sex, political opinion, or place of birth;

(b) promote reconciliation, tolerance, and social cohesion; and

(c) review existing legislation and recommend new legislation to combat discrimination and promote equality.

Article 88: The National Commission for Women and Children

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

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The National Commission for Women and Children shall be responsible for monitoring the implementation of laws and policies affecting women and children, and for promoting their rights, welfare, and development.

The Commission shall have the power to investigate complaints, advise the Government, and undertake research and advocacy on issues pertaining to women and children.

Article 89: The National Land Commission

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

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The National Land Commission, shall be responsible for formulating a National Land Policy, advising on the equitable use and distribution of state land, and resolving disputes relating to land use between the Centre and the Provinces.

The Commission shall consist of representatives of the Central Government, all Provincial Councils, and independent experts in land use, agriculture, and environmental management.

Article 90: The National Council of Provincial Governments

Drafted from public input and research by civic organizations.

Current Constitutional Text

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The National Council of Provincial Governments shall serve as a permanent forum for consultation and cooperation between the Central Government and the Provincial Councils on matters of national interest affecting the Provinces.

The Council shall consist of the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Minister of Provincial Councils, all Chief Ministers, and a representative of the Local Government authorities.

The Council shall meet regularly to discuss and make recommendations on national policy, fiscal devolution, and legislation pertaining to Provincial and Local Government.

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